![]() This happens frequently in optical illusions such as Rubin’s vase. In other words, the eye is always trying to resolve unstable forms, and in the case where there are multiple options for stability, the eye will bounce back and forth between multiple interpretations. Multistability: When there is more than one possible interpretation of an ambiguous form, the eye will perceive each interpretation simultaneously.Invariance: People recognize similar forms in spite of variations such as color, scale, rotation, or weight.For example, negative space design is built around creating forms out of gaps, such as the hidden arrow in the FedEx logo. Reification: The eye has a tendency to fill in gaps and create forms even without explicit details.Emergence: The entire form of an object is understood first before its individual parts.Past experience means that we can interpret this image as a picnic table even though we could see an abstract triangle. But there are a number of other underlying psychological concepts relating to perception that inform our understanding of Gestalt theory (which goes beyond perception to describe visual relationships). Gestalt theory itself describes how visual elements are grouped and separated to create order through stable forms. ![]() But to understand Gestalt’s visual relationships better, let’s first look at some relevant concepts of perception. In this article, we’re going to investigate these Gestalt principles and how to apply each one to design. Consider music, for example-our brains are wired to organize what we hear into cohesive melodies rather than separate notes.įor graphic designers, employing Gestalt principles is an essential tool: designers are able to emphasize visual relationships and communicate more effectively when they understand how viewers interpret visual information. The word “Gestalt” literally means “form” in German, and this is fitting because the theory describes how the mind transforms apparent randomness into reliable forms. The 6 Gestalt principles describe how we perceive visual relationships between objects. Since then, it has found acceptance in disciplines ranging from therapy to cybernetics to design. The theory behind them was founded over the 1910s and ’20s by German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka. The Gestalt principles form a psychological framework for how the human mind perceives and organizes visual information.
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